higher medicare spending, higher retirement spending, and especially something we have to get used to and we're going to have to bump up the share of the economy, that is, from the government because that's the way we're going to have to live if we want to take care of the elderly. mark, is that a reality? does that mean higher -- i'm sorry, lower long-term growth rates for the economy? >> well, yeah. i mean, two things. one is it's right that because of the aging of the population, all else being equal, government spending as a share of gdp will rise because as definition the elderly will be using medicare and social security. but that's not the biggest part of the increase in what's going on in medicare and medicaid and social security. it's really the growth in health care costs. so, if we can control that and bring that rate down, then we'll be fine. we'll be okay. but you're right about the economy. the broader economy. because in the aging of the population, and people retiring, the rate of growth in the labor force is going to slow. it already is slowing and the underlying grow